Rotary Encoders on Wheels: What They Control

What rotary encoders do

A rotary encoder is a knob on a racing wheel that turns continuously or with detents. Each turn sends a signal to the wheel base, which passes it to the game. The game maps that signal to an in-game adjustment, such as brake bias, traction control, or engine map.

Unlike a button that toggles a setting, an encoder lets you change a value through a range. You might turn it one click to move brake bias rearward, or several clicks to adjust a traction control level. This lets you make fine changes while driving, without reaching for a keyboard or a menu.

The exact functions depend on the game and the wheel. Some wheels have encoders labeled for specific uses, while others let you assign functions through the wheel's software. The maker's compatibility list and manual tell you what each wheel supports. For an overview of wheels that include this feature, see the best racing wheel guide.

Common adjustments you can make

Brake bias is one of the most common uses. It shifts the braking force between the front and rear wheels, which changes how the car behaves under braking. A rearward bias can help rotation, while a forward bias adds stability.

Traction control is another frequent assignment. It limits wheel spin under acceleration. Turning it down can give more power but less grip, while turning it up helps keep the car stable.

Other settings include ABS level, engine map, and differential settings. Some games also let you adjust fuel mixture or tire pressure. The encoder simply sends a value, and the game decides what it changes. The wheel's software or the game's control settings usually let you assign a function to each encoder. Check the maker's support pages for the wheel's configuration options.

How encoders work with the wheel base

A rotary encoder is a physical component on the wheel rim. It connects to the wheel base through the rim's wiring. The base reads the encoder's position or rotation and sends that data to the game.

Some encoders have detents, which are small clicks as you turn. Each click is one step. Others turn freely and report their position continuously. The game interprets these signals as changes to the assigned setting.

The number of encoders varies by wheel. Some wheels have one or two, while others have several. More encoders give you more adjustments without needing to cycle through menus. The wheel's manual explains how to use the encoders and what functions they support. For a deeper look at how wheel buttons and controls are laid out, the steering wheel button layout article is a useful companion.

Choosing a wheel with encoders

If you race in games that let you adjust settings on the fly, encoders add convenience. Look for wheels that list rotary encoders in their features. The number and placement matter for your comfort.

Some wheels place encoders near the thumb or on the face of the rim. Others put them on the sides. Think about where your hands rest and how easy it is to reach a knob while driving.

Encoders are more common on higher-end wheels, but some mid-range models include them. Check the product listing for the word 'encoder' or 'rotary knob.' For a first wheel, you might not need encoders. They become useful as you get into more serious racing. The guides below can help you find a wheel that fits your needs. The best direct drive racing wheels guide lists many premium options with extensive controls.

• Look for the number of encoders in the listing.
• Check the placement for reachability while driving.
• Confirm the wheel's software lets you assign functions.
• Read the maker's compatibility list for game support.

What encoders do not promise

An encoder is a control, not a performance feature. It does not change force feedback strength, smoothness, or detail. It only gives you a way to adjust settings.

The presence of encoders does not guarantee that every game supports them. Game support depends on the title and the wheel's compatibility. The maker's compatibility list is the source for that.

Encoders do not replace a button box or a keyboard. They are one input method among many. Some wheels have more buttons, some have more encoders, and some have both. When comparing wheels, consider the whole control layout, not just the encoders. The programmable buttons on steering wheels article explains how other controls can complement encoders.

Setup and software

Most wheels with encoders require configuration in the wheel's software. You assign a function to each encoder, and the game reads that assignment. The maker's support pages explain the process.

Some games have built-in presets for popular wheels. These presets may map encoders to common functions automatically. If not, you can assign them manually.

The wheel base may have its own settings for encoder response. Some allow you to change the number of steps per click or the direction of rotation. These options are in the maker's software. For a guide to configuring wheel bases, the wheel base software configuration article covers the basics.

Encoders vs. buttons

Buttons toggle a setting on or off. Encoders let you adjust a value through a range. For settings like brake bias, an encoder is more natural because you can make small changes.

Some wheels use buttons for adjustments, which means you press repeatedly to change a value. An encoder does the same with a turn, which can be faster during a race.

The best choice depends on the game and your preference. Some drivers prefer buttons for simple toggles and encoders for continuous adjustments. Look at the wheel's control layout to see what it offers. The racing wheel button count article compares control options across different wheels.

What to look for in a listing

When reading a wheel listing, look for the word 'encoder' or 'rotary knob.' Some listings say 'multi-function knobs' or 'adjustable dials.' These all refer to rotary encoders.

The listing may state the number of encoders. For example, 'two rotary encoders' means two knobs. The placement is sometimes described, such as 'thumb encoders.'

If the listing does not mention encoders, the wheel may not have them. Some wheels rely on buttons only. Check the maker's product page for the full feature list. The maker's compatibility list and manual are the best sources for what the encoders control. The best racing wheels for PS5 guide may mention specific models with encoders, as does the best racing wheels for Xbox guide.

What to pick for your situation

Questions

What is a rotary encoder on a racing wheel?

A rotary encoder is a knob that you turn to adjust an in-game setting. Each turn sends a signal to the wheel base, which the game maps to a function like brake bias or traction control.

What can I adjust with a rotary encoder?

Common adjustments include brake bias, traction control, ABS, engine map, and differential settings. The exact functions depend on the game and the wheel's compatibility.

Do all racing wheels have rotary encoders?

No, many budget wheels have buttons only. Rotary encoders are more common on mid-range and premium wheels. Check the listing for the word 'encoder' or 'rotary knob.'

Can I use rotary encoders on a console?

Yes, if the wheel and game support them. The maker's compatibility list shows which games work with the wheel's controls on each platform.

How do I assign functions to rotary encoders?

You typically use the wheel's software to assign a function to each encoder. Some games have presets that map encoders automatically. The maker's support pages explain the process.